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Refugees Immigrants Help

Comparison Between A Immigrant And A Refugee

Definition

An immigrant is someone from a foreign country who relocates to live in another country. They may or may not be citizens.

Refugees move out of fear or necessity. For example, to flee persecution, or because their homes have been destroyed in a natural disaster.

Legal Status

Immigrants are subject to the laws of their adopted country. They may only come if they have work or a place to live.

Defined by United Nations

Reason of relocation

Immigrants are usually driven by economic factors, or they want to be close to family.

Refugees are forced to relocate for reasons such as fear of persecution due to war, religion or political opinion.

Resettlement

Immigrants can usually find a home in their new country.

From refugee camp to a third country. Usually cannot return to ones own country.

Reason for Move

Immigrants move by choice and due to promise of a better life. The main reasons include better economic conditions, education and family reasons. However, they still have a choice to return to their own country at any time.

Refugees, on the other hand, move out due to fear of persecution caused by war, violence, political instability, aggression or due to their religion, beliefs, caste, or political opinion. In most cases, it is not possible for them to go back to their country.

History of refuge and immigration

Although the concept of taking refuge in another region has been long known and understood, the term "refugee" was completely defined after the 1951 Geneva Convention. Now the term refugee is a well-defined term and distinct from an internally or nationally displaced persons. The people who fled from Europe after World war II were termed refugees, along with those from Africa, following the civil wars, from the middle east, Bangladesh and many other nations. The greatest source countries for refugees are Afghanistan, Iraq, Myanmar, Sudan, and the Palestinian territories.

The first wave of immigrants took place when people from Western Europe moved to Americas, and settled there. Now stricter government laws are imposed on immigration, and people can immigrate to a country only after laborious paperwork and documentation. Each country has its set rules regarding allowing new immigrants into the country. In 2005, Europe hosted the largest number of immigrants, mostly from Asia.

Legal Status of immigrants vs refugees

The protection of refugees is governed by the refugee law and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. Before resettlement refugees stay in camps where they are provided basic amenities and healthcare till they can return to their homeland or resettle in a third country.

Immigrants can move to a country after due Government or embassy paperwork and have to abide by the laws of that country.

Resettlement

Refugee camps are set up to provide aid to these individuals till they can return to their country. In the event that they cannot, resettlement options are provided in a third country. A total of 17 Countries like Australia, Canada, Denmark, Chile and others have refugee quotas and provide resettlement options in their countries to individuals from refugee camps.

Immigrants however move out of their own volition, and have to explore their own settlement options in the new country.

Immigration

Laws and ethics

Treatment of migrants in host countries, both by governments, employers, and original population, is a topic of continual debate and criticism, and the violation of migrant human rights is an ongoing crisis.The United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, has been ratified by 48 states, most of which are heavy exporters of cheap labor. Major migrant-receiving countries and regions - including Western Europe, North America, Pacific Asia, Australia, and the Gulf States - have not ratified the Convention, even though they are host to the majority of international migrant workers.Although freedom of movement is often recognized as a civil right in many documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the freedom only applies to movement within national borders and the ability to return to one's home state.

Some proponents of immigration argue that the freedom of movement both within and between countries is a basic human right, and that the restrictive immigration policies, typical of nation-states, violate this human right of freedom of movement.Such arguments are common among anti-state ideologies like anarchism and libertarianism.As philosopher and Open borders activist Jacob Appel has written, "Treating human beings differently, simply because they were born on the opposite side of a national boundary, is hard to justify under any mainstream philosophical, religious or ethical theory."

Where immigration is permitted, it is typically selective. As of 2003, family reunification accounted for approximately two-thirds of legal immigration to the US every year. Ethnic selection, such as the White Australia policy, has generally disappeared, but priority is usually given to the educated, skilled, and wealthy. Less privileged individuals, including the mass of poor people in low-income countries, cannot avail themselves of the legal and protected immigration opportunities offered by wealthy states. This inequality has also been criticized as conflicting with the principle of equal opportunities. The fact that the door is closed for the unskilled, while at the same time many developed countries have a huge demand for unskilled labor, is a major factor in illegal immigration. The contradictory nature of this policy—which specifically disadvantages the unskilled immigrants while exploiting their labor—has also been criticized on ethical grounds.

Immigration policies which selectively grant freedom of movement to targeted individuals are intended to produce a net economic gain for the host country. They can also mean net loss for a poor donor country through the loss of the educated minority—a "brain drain". This can exacerbate the global inequality in standards of living that provided the motivation for the individual to migrate in the first place. One example of competition for skilled labour is active recruitment of health workers from developing countries by developed countries.There may however also be a "brain gain" to emigration, as migration opportunities lead to greater investments in education in developing countries.Overall, research suggests that migration is beneficial both to the receiving and sending countries.

· Childhood and migration

· Criticism of multiculturalism

· Feminization of migration

· Human overpopulation

· Human migration

· Immigration and crime

· Immigration law

· Immigration reform

· Multiculturalism

· Opposition to immigration

· People smuggling

· Political demography

· Repatriation

· Replacement migration

· Right of foreigners to vote

· First world privilege

· List of countries by net migration rate

· List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density

A Description of the Immigrant Population—2013 Update U. (8 May 2013). Congressional Budget Office
Open Borders: The Case
Immigration and Migration from UCB Libraries GovPubs
International Migration from the United Nations
UNESCO Programme on International Migration and Multicultural Policies
BBC News Factfile: Global migration
The debate about separate Immigration Courts in the US
Immigration Newspaper Archive A collection of more than 50,000 searchable newspaper articles on Immigration.
A world map with territory sizes adjusted to the number of immigrants living in those countries
Princeton Center for Migration and Development—a leading research center on migration to the USA
Casahistoria - European emigration since 1800—links to 19th & 20th century global European emigration
Do Foreigners Have Rights? François Crépeau, Professor of International Law, University of Montreal
Immigration at DMOZ
Globalization: A Basic Text
"700 Million Worldwide Desire to Migrate Permanently," at gallup.com
Eurostat - Migration and migrant population statistics
Migration in the Mediterranean Region
Legal Guide to Germany
Applying for Asylum in the UK - Overview
How to Ask for Asylum in the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and elsewhere in Europe
Eurostat - Statistics Explained: Migration and migrant population statistics (data October 2011)
Claros, Eulalia. "Migration in the EU" (PDF). Library statistical spotlight. Library of the European Parliament. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
Demographics of Europe
Emigration from Europe
Environmental racism in Europe
Migration from Latin America to Europe
European migrant crisis
List of countries by immigrant population
List of countries by foreign-born population
List of sovereign states and dependent territories by fertility rate

Refugee rights

Refugee rights encompass both customary law, peremptory norms, and international legal instruments and include:

· The 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees;

· The 1966 Bangkok Principles on Status and Treatment of Refugees;

· The 1967 United Nations Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees;

· The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa;[64]

· The 1974 United Nations Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict;

· The 1976 Council of Europe's Recommendation 773 (1976) on the Situation of de facto Refugees;

· The 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees for Latin America;

· The 2004 European Union's Council Directive on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals and stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection and content of the protection granted

These documents and declarations include the following rights and obligations for refugees:

· Asylum shopping

· Conservation refugee

· Diaspora, a mass movement of population, usually forced by war or natural disaster

· Emergencybnb, a website to find accommodation for refugees

· Emergency evacuation

· Homo sacer

· Human migration

· Language Analysis for the Determination of Origin

· List of refugees

· List of people granted asylum

· Mehran Karimi Nasseri, an Iranian refugee who lived in Charles de Gaulle Airport

· Migrant literature

· No person is illegal

· Open Border

· Political Asylum

· Queer Migration

· RAPAR

· Refugee Studies Centre

· Refugees United

· Refugee Olympic Athletes at the 2016 Summer Olympics

· Right of asylum

· The I Live Here Projects

· Mental health of refugee children

· Refugee Nation

Refugee Action www.refugee-action.org.uk

A charity providing a range of services for the reception, resettlement, development and integration of refugees and asylum seekers. Some of their regional offices provide advice on a range of issues for asylum seekers. For details of your nearest regional office please see their website or contact their head office. Their website contains a range of information for refugees and asylum seekers.
Telephone (Head Office): 020 7654 7700

Refugee Council www.refugeecouncil.org.uk

A charity providing help and support for asylum seekers and refugees and ensuring their needs and concerns are addressed. They run an advice line providing information on a wide range of issues, including social security, family reunion, identity and travel documentation, education, housing and legal issues. The Refugee Council does not provide legal advice.
London advice line: 020 7346 6777 (Weekdays: 10am – 1pm and 2– 4pm, except Wednesday: 2– 4pm only)
Yorkshire and Humberside advice line: 0113 386 2210 (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday: 9am – 4pm)
West Midlands advice line: 0121 6221515 (Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday: 10am –12pm and 2– 4pm)
Eastern Region advice line: 01473 297 900 (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday 10am – 1pm and 2– 4pm)
Address (Head Office): 240–250 Ferndale Road, London SW9 8BB

Scottish Refugee Council www.scottishrefugeecouncil.org.uk

A charity providing advice, information and assistance to asylum seekers and refugees in Scotland. They run a freephone advice line for newly arrived and dispersed asylum seekers. They do not provide legal advice.
Advice line: 0800 085 6087 (Weekdays 9.30am – 4.30pm)

Association of Visitors to Immigration Detainees (AVID) www.aviddetention.org.uk

A national umbrella charity for groups visiting immigration detainees. Their website contains useful information on detention.

AsylumSupport www.asylumsupport.info

A website that focuses on all matters that concern people seeking asylum, and has a directory of hundreds of online resources.

British Red Cross www.redcross.org.uk

The British Red Cross runs a service providing practical and emotional assistance to vulnerable asylum seekers and refugees. To find out if they can help you contact your nearest branch – which can be found using the website.

Electronic Immigration Network www.ein.org.uk

A resources database providing useful links and information for asylum seekers, and anyone with an interest in immigration and asylum.

Home Office – Immigration and Nationality Directorate www.ind.homeoffice.gov.uk

The Immigration and Nationality Directorate is responsible for UK immigration control, and their website gives information on what your rights and responsibilities are when applying.

Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture www.torturecare.org.uk

Provides care and rehabilitation to survivors of torture and other forms of organised violence.

National Coalition of Anti-Deportation Claims (NCADC) www.ncadc.org.uk

A voluntary organisation which provides practical help and advice to people facing deportation on how to launch and run anti-deportation campaigns.

Northern Refugee Centre www.nrcentre.org.uk

A charity that improves services and opportunities for refugees and asylum seekers in the Yorkshire and Humber region.

North of England Refugee Service (NERS) www.refugee.org.uk

A charity providing support and information for refugees and asylum seekers in the North of England.

UK Lesbian and Gay Immigration Group www.uklgig.org.uk

A voluntary organisation providing information and advice on immigration rights for same sex couples and asylum seekers.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees www.unhcr.org.uk

An impartial humanitarian organisation mandated by the United Nations to lead and co-ordinate international action for the protection of refugees and the resolution of refugee problems worldwide.

Advice Now www.advicenow.org.uk

Website providing accurate, up-to-date information on rights and legal issues.

The Aire Centre www.airecentre.org

Provides information and advice on international human rights law.

The European Court of Human Rights www.echr.coe.int

The European Court of Human Rights enforces the European Convention on Human Rights. You can download an application form for submitting your case to the European Court of Human Rights from their website, or you can write to them and ask for an application pack.
Address: The European Court of Human Rights, Council of Europe, 67075 StrasbourgCedex, France

Human Rights Division, Department for Constitutional Affairs www.dca.gov.uk/hract/hramenu.htm

The Human Rights Division ensures the successful implementation of the Human Rights Act. It promotes human rights inside and outside Government, organising events and publishing information and study guides on human rights.

Justice www.justice.org.uk

An independent legal human rights organisation that aims to promote human rights, influence law and practice and improve the system of justice.

Education for refugees and asylum seekers

The following organisations run a range of courses for refugees and asylum seekers

Education Action International www.education-action.org

Address: Refugee Education & Training Advisory Service, 14 Dufferin Street, London EC1Y 8PD
Telephone: 020 7426 5800
Advice line: 020 7426 5801 (This line provides advice for refugees and asylum seekers on education, training, government and other funding schemes in the UK. It is open on Tuesdays and Thursdays between 2.30–5pm. They are unable to provide advice on other issues.)
Email: info@education-action.org

Refugee Assessment and Guidance Unit (RAGU) www.londonmet.ac.uk/ragu/home.cfm

Address: The Learning Centre, 236–250 Holloway Road, London N7 6PP Telephone: 020 7753 5044
Email: ragu@londonmet.ac.uk

LEGAL

Advice UK www.adviceuk.org.uk

A membership organisation of independent advice centres. They do not give out advice themselves but their website has a directory of advice centres.
Telephone: 020 7407 4070 Email: general@adviceuk.org.uk

Asylum Aid www.asylumaid.org.uk

Provides free legal advice and representation to people seeking asylum in the UK. Advice can be given through the helpline, or via email or letter.
Advice line: 0207 247 8741 (Monday: 2– 4.30 pm; Thursday: 10am – 12.30 pm)
Address: 28 Commercial Street, London E1 6LS
E-mail: advice@asylumaid.org.uk

Citizens Advice www.citizensadvice.org.uk

Provides free, independent and confidential legal advice, and can help you find a solicitor. To receive advice, contact your local Citizens Advice Bureau, which you can find by visiting the Citizens Advice website or contacting your local authority’s information office at your nearest town hall. They also have a separate website giving advice on a range of topics including human rights.
Telephone: 020 7833 2181 (no advice is available on this line, but they will be able to give you details of your local Citizens Advice Bureau that can give you advice) Advice website: www.adviceguide.org.uk

Community Legal Service www.clsdirect.org.uk

Has an online directory providing details of solicitors, advice agencies and information providers across England and Wales. They also have a helpline giving free initial legal help and advice on benefits, tax credits, debt, education, housing and employment problems.
Helpline: 0845 345 4 345

Immigration Advisory Service www.iasuk.org

A national organisation which gives free advice and assistance on all immigration, asylum and nationality issues. They take up individual cases and can represent people at appeals. Contact details given are for the Central London office – please see their website for details of other offices. Their advice pages on their website contain a range of information on immigration and asylum law.
Advice line: 020 7967 1200 (Tuesday: 10am – 1pm; Thursday: 2 – 5pm)
24 hour helpline (answerphone service): 020 7378 9191

Immigration Law Practitioners Association (ILPA) www.ilpa.org.uk

Promotes and improves advice to and representation of immigrants. They do not provide legal advice, but their website has a directory which includes solicitors who specialise in immigration and asylum law.

Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants (JCWI) www.jcwi.org.uk

An independent national voluntary organisation offering free legal advice on immigration, nationality and asylum matters.
Advice line: 020 7251 8706 (Tuesday and Thursday: 2–5.00pm)
Address: 115 Old Street, London EC1V 9RT
Email: info@jcwi.org.uk

Law Centres Federation www.lawcentres.org.uk

The coordinating body for Law Centres. Law Centres provide a free and independent professional legal service to people who live or work in their local areas. The Federation does not itself provide legal advice, but can provide details of your nearest law centre.
Telephone: 020 7387 8570
Email: info@lawcentres.org.uk

Liberty www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk

An independent human rights organisation, which runs an advice service for members of the public with human rights queries. They also have an advice website which gives comprehensive information on the UK Human Rights Act.
Advice line: 0845 123 2307 (Monday and Thursday: 6.30– 8.30pm; Wednesday: 12.30–2.30pm)
Advice website: www.yourrights.org.uk (You can download a written advice request form from this website)

Rights of Women www.rightsofwomen.org.uk

A voluntary organisation dedicated to women’s rights. They have an advice line providing free confidential legal advice to women.
Advice line: 020 7251 6577
Textphone: 020 7490 2562 (Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday: 2– 4pm and 7–9pm; Friday: 12–2pm)

The Law Society www.lawsociety.org.uk

A regulatory and representative body for solicitors. Their website has an online directory of law firms and solicitors. You can also call their enquiry line for help in finding a solicitor. They do not provide legal advice.
Enquiry line: 0870 606 6575
Email: info.services@lawsociety.org.uk

Advice on detention

Bail for Immigration Detainees (BID) www.biduk.org

Works with asylum seekers and migrants detained in removal centres and prisons. They prepare and present applications for bail to the immigration court and provide advice and information to detainees. They do not offer legal advice on general immigration or asylum matters. Their website provides a range of information on detention.
Advice lines: General (London): 020 7247 3590 (Monday to Wednesday: 10am – 12pm;
Answerphone service at all other times) South (for detainees at Haslar): 023 9258 7567 Oxford (for detainees at Campsfield House): 0845 3304 536 (Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday: 1.30 – 4.30pm)
Email: info@biduk.org

Detention Advice Service (DAS) www.detentionadvice.org.uk

Provides support, information and advice to those detained or threatened with detention. They provide legal advice but do not provide legal representation.
Telephone: 020 7254 6888
Address: Detention Advice Service, Unit B3, 62 Beechwood Road, London E8 3DY
Email: das@detentionadvice.org.uk

Information on support for asylum seekers

Asylum Support Adjudicators www.asylum-support-adjudicators.org.uk

The Asylum Support Adjudicators exist to provide an independent appeal mechanism for asylum seekers whose applications for support have been refused or discontinued.
Freephone number: 0800 389 7913 (For those appealing NASS decisions who wish to discuss their appeal or the appeals process)
Address: Christopher Wren House, 113 High Street Croydon, CR0 1QG

National Asylum Support Service (NASS)

Telephone Enquiry Bureau: 0845 602 1739 (General enquiries on NASS applications)
NASS support and discontinuation of support enquiry line: 0845 600 0914 (For those whose NASS support has been interrupted or discontinued)

Making a complaint

Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner www.oisc.org.uk

The Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner (OISC) accepts relevant complaints about any person giving immigration advice or services. Details of how to make a complaint are available on their website, or you can call their helpline. They do not themselves give advice on immigration or asylum issues. There is a directory of OISCapproved advisers on their website.
Helpline: 0845 000 0046
Address: 5th Floor, Counting House, 53 Tooley Street, London SE1 2QN

Please note that the organisations below do not provide legal advice. However, they may be able to help you find a legal adviser, and/or help you with any other issues.